Coordinated battery, DC-link and grid conversion across charge and discharge modes
The energy storage inverter links the battery to a stable high-voltage DC bus through a bidirectional DC/DC stage and exchanges power with the AC grid or local loads through a bidirectional inverter bridge. The controller coordinates precharge, soft start, current references, battery limits, grid synchronization, islanding behavior, transfer logic, thermal derating and protection so the system can move safely between charging, self-consumption, backup and export operation.

