Double-conversion power flow with coordinated battery energy and bypass control
The UPS converts utility AC into a regulated DC link through an active PFC stage, then recreates a clean, stable AC output through the inverter. A bidirectional DC/DC stage charges the battery during normal operation and returns stored energy to the DC link during an outage. The main controller synchronizes PFC, charger, inverter, static bypass, protection and telemetry functions to maintain uninterrupted output under changing line, load and battery conditions.

