Protected battery power, boost conversion and pulsed atomization drive
The solution connects a rechargeable lithium-ion cell to the system through low-resistance battery-bus MOSFETs, then uses a boost switching stage when the required atomizer voltage exceeds the instantaneous cell voltage. A dedicated atomization-drive MOSFET applies controlled PWM power to the heating load, while the auxiliary supply maintains stable low-voltage rails for sensing, the MCU and the user interface. Hardware protection and firmware supervision coordinate startup, current limiting, temperature response and rapid shutdown during abnormal conditions.

